شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی پسماندهای صنایع در شهرک‌های صنعتی استان گیلان

Abstract
Industries play an important role in the development of societies. The generation of large volumes of industrial waste with complex characteristics makes their management a challenge. In addition to occupying the land, the accumulation of these wastes causes environmental pollution. The main purpose of this study is to identify industrial wastes in the industrial zone of Gilan province and to investigate their management system. In this study, 11 industrial zones in Gilan province were investigated in 15 industrial groups. Astara industrial zone has the lowest number of units with six active units, and the largest number of active units under investigation is Sepidroud industrial zone (41 units) and then Rasht industrial zone (37 units). The food industry group with 50 active units (24%) has contributed the most in investigating the type and amount of industrial waste in Gilan province. Based on the data of the study, the total amount of industrial waste is 45926 tons per year. In addition, the main special genaration wastes are 60314 liters of used oils and 16707 tons of different types of wastes per year. The metal industrial group generated the largest amount of industrial waste with the genaration of 32917 tons per year. Also, the cellulose and synthetic oil industrial group units have the highest amount of hazardous waste genaration per year with the genaration of 29,600 liters and 6,300 tons, respectively. Based on the data obtained from the industrial units, the total sales and recycling methods accounted for 54.1% and disposal for 45.9% of cases. Obtaining information on industrial waste flow in Gilan province provides the opportunity to recover and save identified resources. In addition, many economic and environmental benefits are obtained by making a decision and implementing proper waste management.

Introduction
Industries have a direct and important role in the development of societies. In addition, the foundation of industrial zones has grown rapidly in recent years. The development of industrial zones has caused the generation of a large amount of solid waste, especially hazardous waste.
Environmental management of industrial waste as a necessary and inseparable part of the process of prevention and control of water, soil and air pollution should be considered in all stages of waste production, collection, transportation, classification, handling of containers, treatment, recovery of materials and energy and final treatment. Industrial wastes such as mineral tailings, fuel residues, smelting processes, and chemicals are disposed at different stages of industrial production. The generation of materials with high volumes and complex characteristics makes industrial waste management a challenge. contaminations in industrial waste have different quantity and quality.
Considering the high number of industrial units in Gilan province, investigating the pollution status of industrial wastes in Gilan province is very important to achieve sustainable management. The statistics provided by the Industrial zone company of Gilan Province show that there are currently 35 industrial zone operating in this province, and more than 80,000 people are working in their industrial units.
The main purpose of this study is to identify the quantity and quality of waste generated in the industrial zones of Gilan province and to investigate the waste management system. The wastes generated in all stages of the processes were considered. In this research, the amount of industrial waste and the type of waste was determined, and according to international standards, classification was made based on normal and hazardous industrial waste. Also, the current state of waste management in this area was studied and analyzed.

Methodology
In this research, in order to prepare the required data and information from the review of library resources and documents available in related centers and organizations, including the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Gilan Province, the Industrial Information Bank of Gilan Province in the Organization of Industry, Mining and Trade and the Gilan Industrial Towns Company. Used. In this study, according to the list of industries of Gilan province, which was obtained from Samat organization, those industries whose production rate is more than 50% of the production capacity of the factory have been selected and investigated. In compiling the questionnaires to identify industrial wastes in Gilan province, the information of the General Department of Environment, Somat Organization, as well as library studies and opinions of experts in this field have been used. After identifying the industrial units and collecting data and information related to them, the variety of production wastes, their production sources, their production amount were quantitatively categorized based on the amount of production of that industrial unit and how they are managed.
Astara industrial zone with 6 active units has the lowest number compared to other industrial zone and the highest number of active units investigated is Sepidroud industrial zone (41 units) and then Rasht industrial city (37 units). The food industry group with 50 active units (24%) has contributed the most in investigating the type and amount of industrial waste in Gilan province.
According to Table 1, the total amount of industrial waste in the statistical population is 45923 tons per year. In addition, according to Table 2, the main generation hazardous wastes are 60,314 liters of used oils and 16,710 tons of different types of wastes per year. Among the industries, the metal industrial group produces the highest amount of normal industrial waste with the generation of 32917 tons per year. Also, the cellulose and synthetic oil industrial group units have the highest amount of hazardous waste generation per year with 29,600 liters and 6,300 tons, respectively. These values are compared in figures 5 and 6 in different industrial groups.
Table 3 shows the current status of waste management (sale, disposal, recycling) in each of the industrial groups in the study area. According to the data of this table, the total sales and recycling methods account for 54.1% and disposal for 45.9% of cases.

Conclusion
According to the data of the study, the total amount of normal industrial waste is 45926 tons per year. Also, the main generation hazardous wastes are 60314 liters of used oils and 16707 tons of different types of wastes per year. By obtaining such data of waste streams in the industrial towns of Gilan province, opportunities for recovery and saving of resources have been identified, which will bring economic and environmental benefits by making a decision and implementing proper waste management.