Effectiveness of Novel Herbal Extracts and Antibiotics in Controlling the Bacterial Soft-Rot Disease in Potatoes and Carrots

Potatoes and carrots are one of the major tuber crops in the world with high exposure to various pests and diseases, especially soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In recent years, several reports relating to the spread of this disease in different parts of Northwest Iran have been published, but so far, no effective solution has been found. Due to the high prevalence of this disease in the region, the use of chemical pesticides, new antibiotics and safe antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts and essential oils appears to be necessary. The current research was conducted to assess the antibacterial effects of the three antibiotics Oxytetracycline, Dihydrostreptomycin and Chloramphenicol, in addition to thyme and mint essential oils, as well as neem aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the causal agent of the soft rot disease. Copper oxychloride pesticide was used as the control to compare the efficiencies of the compounds and extracts. The antibacterial effects on soft rot-inducing bacteria were analyzed using the agar gel diffusion and disc diffusion methods in three replicates by applying completely randomized design, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS software. The results showed that among the antibiotics the highest inhibition effect belonged to oxytetracycline. This antibiotic with its inhibitory halo diameter of 43 mm and percentage inhibition of 47.77% showed better performance than all other treatments, whereas copper oxychloride pesticide even at the highest concentration (5000mg/L), the inhibitory halo diameter was 13 mm and the inhibitory effect was 14.77%. Among the essential oils and extracts, the thyme essential oil with the inhibitory halo diameter of 27 mm and percentage inhibition of 30% was the highest among the natural compounds.
Potatoes and carrots are one of the major tuber crops in the world with high exposure to various pests and diseases, especially soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In recent years, several reports relating to the spread of this disease in different parts of Northwest Iran have been published, but so far, no effective solution has been found. Due to the high prevalence of this disease in the region, the use of chemical pesticides, new antibiotics and safe antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts and essential oils appears to be necessary. The current research was conducted to assess the antibacterial effects of the three antibiotics Oxytetracycline, Dihydrostreptomycin and Chloramphenicol, in addition to thyme and mint essential oils, as well as neem aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the causal agent of the soft rot disease. Copper oxychloride pesticide was used as the control to compare the efficiencies of the compounds and extracts. The antibacterial effects on soft rot-inducing bacteria were analyzed using the agar gel diffusion and disc diffusion methods in three replicates by applying completely randomized design, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS software. The results showed that among the antibiotics the highest inhibition effect belonged to oxytetracycline. This antibiotic with its inhibitory halo diameter of 43 mm and percentage inhibition of 47.77% showed better performance than all other treatments, whereas copper oxychloride pesticide even at the highest concentration (5000mg/L), the inhibitory halo diameter was 13 mm and the inhibitory effect was 14.77%. Among the essential oils and extracts, the thyme essential oil with the inhibitory halo diameter of 27 mm and percentage inhibition of 30% was the highest among the natural compounds.
Potatoes and carrots are one of the major tuber crops in the world with high exposure to various pests and diseases, especially soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In recent years, several reports relating to the spread of this disease in different parts of Northwest Iran have been published, but so far, no effective solution has been found. Due to the high prevalence of this disease in the region, the use of chemical pesticides, new antibiotics and safe antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts and essential oils appears to be necessary. The current research was conducted to assess the antibacterial effects of the three antibiotics Oxytetracycline, Dihydrostreptomycin and Chloramphenicol, in addition to thyme and mint essential oils, as well as neem aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the causal agent of the soft rot disease. Copper oxychloride pesticide was used as the control to compare the efficiencies of the compounds and extracts. The antibacterial effects on soft rot-inducing bacteria were analyzed using the agar gel diffusion and disc diffusion methods in three replicates by applying completely randomized design, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS software. The results showed that among the antibiotics the highest inhibition effect belonged to oxytetracycline. This antibiotic with its inhibitory halo diameter of 43 mm and percentage inhibition of 47.77% showed better performance than all other treatments, whereas copper oxychloride pesticide even at the highest concentration (5000mg/L), the inhibitory halo diameter was 13 mm and the inhibitory effect was 14.77%. Among the essential oils and extracts, the thyme essential oil with the inhibitory halo diameter of 27 mm and percentage inhibition of 30% was the highest among the natural compounds.
Potatoes and carrots are one of the major tuber crops in the world with high exposure to various pests and diseases, especially soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In recent years, several reports relating to the spread of this disease in different parts of Northwest Iran have been published, but so far, no effective solution has been found. Due to the high prevalence of this disease in the region, the use of chemical pesticides, new antibiotics and safe antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts and essential oils appears to be necessary. The current research was conducted to assess the antibacterial effects of the three antibiotics Oxytetracycline, Dihydrostreptomycin and Chloramphenicol, in addition to thyme and mint essential oils, as well as neem aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the causal agent of the soft rot disease. Copper oxychloride pesticide was used as the control to compare the efficiencies of the compounds and extracts. The antibacterial effects on soft rot-inducing bacteria were analyzed using the agar gel diffusion and disc diffusion methods in three replicates by applying completely randomized design, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS software. The results showed that among the antibiotics the highest inhibition effect belonged to oxytetracycline. This antibiotic with its inhibitory halo diameter of 43 mm and percentage inhibition of 47.77% showed better performance than all other treatments, whereas copper oxychloride pesticide even at the highest concentration (5000mg/L), the inhibitory halo diameter was 13 mm and the inhibitory effect was 14.77%. Among the essential oils and extracts, the thyme essential oil with the inhibitory halo diameter of 27 mm and percentage inhibition of 30% was the highest among the natural compounds.