تحلیل توزیع فضایی کاربری‌های خدماتی در اراضی پیرامون خطوط ریلی (مورد مطالعه : اراضی پیرامون خطوط ریلی منطقه 16 تهران)

The combination and distribution of service uses in a specific area is considered as a means of measuring the level of social and spatial justice in the direction of sustainable development. One of the obvious manifestations of urban instability is the inappropriate distribution of urban uses, which not only leads to an imbalance of population in the city, but also can shape the city spaces in contradiction with justice (the most important principle of sustainable development). Among the factors that must be observed in connection with spatial justice is the proper distribution of uses and the correct use of spaces. One of the prone areas in this regard is the land around railway lines in cities and residential areas, which, due to its nature, has many issues and problems that are rooted in the combination and distribution of its uses. Diverse and incompatible styles and forms with the environment, illogical dimensions and proportions, interference with other privacy, disruption of traffic, non-compliance with neighbors and other cultural and physical aspects, etc. are some of these problems. The existing issues and problems, the low quality of life around and within the railway lines, wear and tear, incoherence and inadequacy of laws and regulations and issues of this kind, the need to pay attention to the lands and uses around the railway lines. In this range, it doubles. In this article, the lands around the railway lines in the 16th district of Tehran were selected and examined from this point of view. In terms of method, this study is descriptive-analytical and is considered as "analytical-comparative" type of research. The method of collecting data is in the form of documents. The research process based on the theoretical model obtained after determining the desired area in the lands around the railway lines in the 16th district of Tehran, has been carried out in two basic parts. The first part is related to the investigation of the distribution and distribution of service users in the target area from the perspective of two components, population and area. Service uses in this study include green, educational, health, cultural, religious, sports and recreational uses, and major investigations have been done on these uses. The selection of these uses as service uses was based on the existing plans, especially the comprehensive and special plan, the details of which are given in the findings section. In this regard, firstly, the per capita and the extent of all the service uses in the target area were compared to the region, the proposal of the comprehensive plan and also the national and international standards were examined. In the second part, the status of access to service users was determined using the AHP model and Expert Choice software, as well as the use of GIS software. For this purpose and in order to prevent the interference of service users in the areas around the study area, firstly, the status of access to service users in the entire 16th district of Tehran based on the extent of each user in covering the entire area by the buffering tool (Multiple Ring Buffer) ) was specified in GIS and then the desired area was cut from it (Intersect). Finally, in order to overlap the maps of access to service uses and to produce the final map of the access situation in the area around the railway lines of the 16th district of Tehran, from the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) and especially the Expert Choice software to determine the coefficient of different effects. Different service uses were used according to the conditions of the desired area - the area around the railway lines.The results indicate that the lands around the railway lines in the 16th district of Tehran, as a result of neglecting their planning and maintenance, have many disturbances and problems, some of which are due to inappropriate land use. This is completely against the principle of social and spatial justice and the principles of sustainable development. The lands around the railway lines in the 16th district of Tehran are not in a favorable condition, both in terms of the size and per capita of the land uses, specifically the service land uses, and in terms of the access to the above land uses. Although the extent and per capita of service uses in the 16th district of Tehran is lower than the national standards and even the proposed standards of the master plan in most cases, the land around the railway lines in this region is in a much worse condition than the region itself. In none of the investigated uses in this area, the situation was not favorable compared to the proposal of the master plan, the national standard and even the region itself. Among the service uses, the biggest shortage per capita compared to the region is related to cultural use in the study area. In the same way, medical-health uses, recreation, use of green spaces and sports are also in the next priorities in terms of per capita shortage. However, among the uses that have more per capita than the region, we can mention the use of the railway network, barren lands, religious, administrative-police and residential uses, which are usually not considered as service uses and according to the conditions and The location around the railway lands is obvious. Also, the investigations showed that all the service users in the studied area have a disadvantageous situation in terms of per capita and size compared to the first and second options proposed in the comprehensive plan. The status of access to service uses in the area around the railway lines also showed that, apart from educational use and to some extent religious use and green space, the access status of which is relatively acceptable, access to other service uses, in It is not in a good condition. But all in all, it can be said that a relatively large part of the area around the railway lines of the 16th district of Tehran is in a poor condition in terms of access to services. In terms of accessibility, the deprived parts are relatively scattered all over the range, but the main concentration is in the central part and inclined towards the north of the range, i.e. the parts of Aliabad north and inclined to Khazaneh neighborhood from the east side. and leading to Naziabad from the west side of the railway lines, as well as around the south terminal and the railway, and only parts of the southern parts of the area, i.e. the east side of the railway lines, parts of South Aliabad as has been determined.